— the towers the desert made of mud.
“A walled city of mud-brick towers in the Hadhramaut valley of eastern Yemen, sixteenth century in its present form. About five hundred buildings rise five to eleven storeys from a single oval block above the wadi floor, packed close enough that the alleys between them stay shaded most of the day. UNESCO inscribed the city in 1982. Around seven thousand people still live inside the walls.
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Shibam sits on a low rise above the Wadi Hadhramaut in Hadhramaut Governorate, eastern Yemen, about 480 kilometres east of Sana'a. The walled town covers a small oval footprint of roughly half a square kilometre. Most of the five hundred or so tower houses date in their present form to the sixteenth century, raised after a 1532 flood destroyed much of the earlier town on the same site. Walls and towers are mud brick on stone foundations. UNESCO inscribed Shibam in 1982.
The towers run five to eleven storeys, the tallest near thirty metres, built almost entirely of unfired mud brick on shallow stone footings. Lower walls are over a metre thick; upper storeys taper. Wood lintels and beams are typically tamarisk or imported teak. The exterior is replastered every few years with a mud-and-lime wash that protects the brick from the rare but heavy seasonal rains of the Hadhramaut wadis.
Shibam has been on the UNESCO World Heritage in Danger list since 2015. The ongoing conflict in Yemen has limited foreign access; the Hadhramaut governorate has been more stable than the west of the country but consular advice for most countries is currently against travel. About seven thousand people continue to live inside the walls, and local conservation crews have led the recent replastering campaigns under UNESCO guidance.