— the waterfall the great floods left behind.
“The waterfall the Missoula Floods carved into basalt at the end of the last ice age. The Palouse River drops 198 feet in a single fall into a circular punchbowl, then keeps going through the canyon to the Snake. Washington designated it the official state waterfall in 2014. Most visitors come in late April and May, when the snowmelt is full; by August the flow has thinned to a ribbon. The park is small: a few viewpoints, picnic tables, no trail to the base. The scale of the canyon makes the falls themselves look almost held in place.
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Palouse Falls drops 198 feet (60 metres) from the upper Palouse River into a circular basalt punchbowl, then continues another two miles through the canyon to its confluence with the Snake River. The falls sit in Palouse Falls State Park, in Franklin County in southeastern Washington, roughly an hour east of the Tri-Cities and three hours south of Spokane. The Washington Legislature designated Palouse Falls the official state waterfall in 2014, following a successful campaign by schoolchildren at Washtucna School. The falls and the canyon were carved roughly fifteen thousand years ago by the catastrophic outbursts of glacial Lake Missoula, which scoured the basalt of what geologists now call the Channeled Scablands.
The cliffs around the falls are Columbia River Basalt, layered flood basalt that erupted across what is now eastern Washington between 17 and 6 million years ago. The Channeled Scablands, of which Palouse Falls is one of the most dramatic remnants, were carved into this rock by the Missoula Floods at the end of the last ice age. Geologist J Harlen Bretz identified the flood origin in the 1920s; his theory was rejected by the geological establishment as catastrophism for decades before the evidence forced its acceptance. The punchbowl at the foot of the falls is a plunge pool eroded into the basalt over many flood cycles, then maintained by the modern river.
Flow at Palouse Falls peaks in late April and May with snowmelt from the Palouse and Cheney hills, when the cataract carries the full width of the river. By August the volume thins to a narrow ribbon over the lip, and by autumn most of the visible flow disappears into seeps. Spring is also the only time the canyon below carries wildflowers: balsamroot and lupine along the basalt benches. The park has no facilities below the rim and no maintained trail to the base; the official viewing platforms at the upper canyon overlook are the safest and clearest vantage on the falls.