— land scoured down to its bones.
“A landscape of two hundred basalt buttes scattered across twenty square miles of central Washington, with sage and bunchgrass holding the soil between them. The country was carved during the last ice age, when the Missoula Floods broke out of Glacial Lake Missoula and ran across eastern Washington in walls of water hundreds of feet deep. The buttes are what the flood left behind. Most of the area is inside the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge. The geologist J Harlen Bretz first read the flood here, against the prevailing geology of the 1920s. The area was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1986.
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Drumheller Channels is a region of basalt buttes and channeled scablands south of Moses Lake and east of Othello in Grant County, Washington. The area covers roughly twenty square miles of the Channeled Scablands, with more than two hundred named buttes rising one to two hundred feet above the surrounding terrain. Most of the area is inside the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The landscape is one of the clearest surviving examples of the butte-and-basin scablands carved by the Missoula Floods at the end of the last ice age. The area was designated a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service in 1986.
The buttes are basalt from the Columbia River Basalt Group, an enormous outpouring of lava between sixteen and six million years ago that buried much of eastern Washington and Oregon under more than a mile of layered black rock. The lava cooled into vertical hexagonal columns. Between fifteen and eighteen thousand years ago, the ice-age Missoula Floods crossed this plateau and plucked the columnar blocks out along the joints, leaving a field of vertical-walled remnants standing above scoured basins. The basalt at Drumheller is part of the Wanapum and underlying Grande Ronde formations, dated to around fifteen million years. The sage and bluebunch wheatgrass between the buttes hold a few inches of windblown loess on top of the rock.
The standard access is by McManamon Road south of Othello, which crosses the centre of the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge and the Drumheller Channels landform. The auto-tour route is open daylight hours and is gravel for most of its length. The refuge headquarters in Othello has maps and a small interpretive display. The best months for the landscape are March through May, when the migratory birds are back, the snowmelt fills the seasonal lakes, and the bunchgrass and arrowleaf balsamroot are in flower. Summer afternoons run above one hundred degrees in July and August. There is no entrance fee. The terrain is fragile and roadside parking is the rule.