— the blue ice above the rainforest.
“Blue Glacier holds the north face of Mount Olympus, the highest peak in the Olympic Mountains at 7,980 feet. The ice runs about two and a half miles down from Snow Dome, where the snow gathers, through an icefall to a terminus around forty-two hundred feet. The University of Washington has measured the glacier in the same place since 1957, one of the longest continuous glaciological records in North America. Below the ice, the Hoh River runs out to the Pacific through one of the wettest forests in the lower forty-eight; in the same valley, twelve feet of rain a year feed both the rainforest and the high snow. The glacier has been thinning for decades.
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Blue Glacier sits on the north slope of Mount Olympus, the highest peak in the Olympic Mountains at 7,980 feet, inside the central Olympic National Park in northwest Washington. The glacier is the largest of the eight named glaciers on Olympus and one of the largest in the contiguous United States, running roughly two and a half miles in length from the accumulation zone of Snow Dome down through an icefall to a terminus near forty-two hundred feet. Below the terminus, meltwater feeds the Hoh River, which runs west through the Hoh Rain Forest to the Pacific Ocean near La Push. The standard climb to the glacier from the Hoh trailhead is roughly seventeen miles up the river to Glacier Meadows, then another mile and change up to the lateral moraine.
The ice is fed almost entirely by snow, not rain. Storms off the North Pacific cross the Olympic coast wet and warm, climb the Olympic massif, and drop the highest precipitation in the contiguous United States on the western slope, more than twelve feet a year in places. Above the freezing line, most of that precipitation falls as snow on Snow Dome, the upper accumulation basin of Blue Glacier at around seventy-three hundred feet. The snow consolidates into firn, then into ice, and the ice flows down through an icefall above the lower glacier. Blue Glacier ice reaches roughly nine hundred feet thick in the deepest part of the trough. The glacier ends in a meltwater stream that feeds the Hoh River.
University of Washington researchers have measured Blue Glacier in the same place since 1957, one of the longest continuous glaciological records in North America. The mass balance, surface velocity, and terminus position are remeasured each summer by a UW team based at a small research camp on the lateral moraine. The record shows substantial area and mass loss over the last seven decades, with a particularly steep loss since the early 2000s. The icefall has thinned and the terminus has retreated up the trough; Snow Dome has lost late-season exposed ice. The work is a benchmark dataset for mountain-glacier loss in the maritime Pacific Northwest and feeds the global glacier-monitoring program.