— — a reef the desert wore down to.
“Guadalupe Peak is the high corner of Texas, 8,751 feet of grey Permian limestone standing over the salt flats west of the Pecos. The mountain is the remnant of a 260-million-year-old reef. The trail out of Pine Springs climbs four and a half miles to the summit pyramid. From the top, the Sierra Diablo and the Apache plains run to the horizon. — from the studio
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Guadalupe Peak rises to 8,751 feet in Culberson County, Texas, at the southern end of the Guadalupe Mountains range that crosses into New Mexico. It is the highest point in the state of Texas, set within Guadalupe Mountains National Park, which was established in 1972 and covers about 350 square kilometres of the Chihuahuan Desert and the range itself. The trailhead is at Pine Springs on US Highway 62/180, roughly 175 kilometres east of El Paso. The summit pyramid carries a stainless-steel marker placed by American Airlines in 1958 to commemorate the old transcontinental mail route.
The Guadalupes are the exposed remnant of the Capitan Reef, a 260-million-year-old fossil barrier reef that grew along the edge of a Permian sea. Tectonic uplift in the late Cenozoic raised the buried reef thousands of feet, and the softer surrounding rock weathered away to leave the limestone wall standing in the desert. El Capitan, the cliff-faced sister peak just south of Guadalupe, gives the cleanest view of the reef face from the highway. The same formation runs north to Carlsbad Caverns, where the limestone is hollowed out instead of standing up.
The Guadalupe Peak Trail is the standard route to the summit: 8.4 miles round trip from the Pine Springs trailhead, with about 3,000 feet of climb. The Park Service rates the trail as strenuous and recommends starting in the early morning, with at least a gallon of water per person; wind on the summit ridge regularly exceeds 60 miles per hour. The park itself has only one paved road and very limited services, no fuel and no in-park lodging. The closest towns with rooms and gas are Whites City and Carlsbad on the New Mexico side.