— — a valley that traded its orchards for the world's machines.
“San Jose was a fruit town. The Santa Clara Valley had the densest stretch of orchard in the world before the chips came: plum, apricot, cherry, walnut. The trees are mostly gone. The Guadalupe River still runs through the centre of the city, and the Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph still stands where the first parish was built in 1777. The valley grew different fruit now.
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San Jose sits at the south end of San Francisco Bay, in California's Santa Clara Valley. The city was founded in 1777 as the Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian Spanish settlement in Alta California, and was briefly the state capital from 1849 to 1851. The current population is just over one million, making it the third largest city in California and the tenth largest in the United States. It sits at the centre of the region the world calls Silicon Valley.
The valley's second life began in 1956, when Shockley Semiconductor opened in nearby Mountain View. Eight engineers left two years later to found Fairchild Semiconductor; their descendants became Intel, AMD, and most of the names that built the modern computing industry. By the 1980s the orchards had been bought out tree by tree. The journalist Don Hoefler coined the name Silicon Valley in a 1971 trade paper. San Jose is the only large city wholly inside that geography, and its downtown skyline now rises to meet the office parks that ring it.
The Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph, completed in 1885 on the foundations of the original 1803 adobe parish, stands at the centre of downtown. The Tech Interactive on Park Avenue runs hands-on science exhibits and an IMAX dome. Japantown on Jackson Street is one of three historic Japanese-American neighbourhoods left in the United States. The Winchester Mystery House, six miles west, preserves the 160-room Victorian Sarah Winchester built and rebuilt continuously from 1886 until her death in 1922. Admission is timed and books out on weekends.