— — a forest that turned to stone.
“A high desert in northeastern Arizona where 225-million-year-old conifers lie scattered across the badlands, the wood replaced cell by cell with quartz that holds the colour of agate. The park runs from the Painted Desert in the north to the Rainbow Forest in the south. Most visitors drive the 28-mile road in a morning and leave quieter than they came.
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Petrified Forest National Park stretches across roughly 221,000 acres of Apache and Navajo counties in northeastern Arizona, straddling Interstate 40 between Holbrook and the New Mexico line. The land sits at around 5,400 feet, a high desert of mudstone hills and short grasses. Theodore Roosevelt designated it a national monument in 1906 to halt the wholesale removal of petrified wood; Congress promoted it to national park status in 1962. The park is the only unit of the National Park System to protect a section of historic Route 66.
The fossil logs date to the Late Triassic, about 218 to 227 million years ago, when this corner of Pangaea sat near the equator and Araucarioxylon arizonicum trees the height of redwoods fell into a floodplain. Volcanic silica-rich groundwater seeped through the buried wood and replaced the cellulose, cell by cell, with quartz. Iron, manganese, and other trace minerals stained the crystals red, ochre, lavender, and black. The Rainbow Forest concentrates the most colour-saturated specimens; the Crystal Forest holds whole logs broken into segments along the original growth rings.
The park stays open through every season, though winter brings snow at this elevation and summer afternoons stack thunderheads over the Painted Desert. A single 28-mile road connects the north entrance near Interstate 40 with the south entrance on US Route 180. Gates close at dusk and the park does not permit overnight stays inside its boundaries. The standard fee admits a vehicle for seven days. Removing petrified wood is a federal offence; rangers ask that even the smallest chip stay where it lies, and the park loses about a ton of wood a year to pockets.