— — north of the spine is the Sound, south is the sea.
“Long Island runs 118 miles east from Brooklyn into the Atlantic. The North Shore opens onto Long Island Sound, where the Gold Coast mansions of the 1920s still face the water at Sands Point and Oyster Bay. The South Shore opens onto the open Atlantic, behind the barrier islands of Fire Island and Jones Beach. Two coastlines that locals refuse to confuse, even when the maps flatten them.
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Long Island stretches 118 miles east from New York Harbor, the largest and longest island in the contiguous United States. The spine of glacial moraine left by the Wisconsin glaciation runs east-west and separates two completely different coastlines. To the north lies Long Island Sound, a calm tidal estuary fed by the Connecticut shore opposite. To the south, beyond a chain of barrier islands, lies the open North Atlantic. The two coasts share an island but not a sea, a fact native islanders treat as a matter of identity.
The North Shore faces Long Island Sound, technically a tidal estuary roughly 21 miles wide at its broadest. Currents run slow, salinity is lower than the open ocean, and historic harbors at Oyster Bay, Cold Spring Harbor, and Port Jefferson held coastal trade for two centuries. The South Shore faces the Atlantic, with waves that reach the beach across a wide continental shelf and weather that arrives from offshore. Fire Island, a 32-mile barrier island, takes the brunt of every nor'easter; the bay behind it stays sheltered.
The North Shore's Gold Coast, roughly Great Neck to Huntington, holds the country's densest concentration of early-twentieth-century estates: Sands Point Preserve, Old Westbury Gardens, Coe Hall at Planting Fields. F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in Great Neck in 1922 and 1923 and set Gatsby on the bay between West Egg and East Egg, both fictional. Many of the houses are now state parks or museums. The South Shore architecturally is something else entirely: shingle cottages, beach bungalows, and the boardwalks at Long Beach and Jones Beach State Park.