— the largest city the continent had before the Spanish arrived.
“Cahokia Mounds sit on the American Bottom floodplain in southern Illinois, eight miles east of the Mississippi. At its height around 1100 CE the city held more people than London of the same year. Monks Mound, the largest earthwork in the Americas north of Mexico, still rises thirty metres from the prairie. The wind moves over it the way wind moves over a field.
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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site preserves the core of a Mississippian city that flourished from roughly 1050 to 1350 CE on the American Bottom floodplain near present-day Collinsville, Illinois. At its peak the population is estimated at 15,000 to 20,000, larger than London at the same date. Monks Mound, the central platform, rises about thirty metres and covers roughly five hectares at the base — the largest pre-Columbian earthwork north of Mexico. UNESCO inscribed the site in 1982 as one of the first United States World Heritage Sites.
The city was abandoned by about 1350 CE, two centuries before any European entered the Mississippi Valley. Archaeologists have proposed climate shift, soil exhaustion, deforestation, and internal political collapse as contributing causes; no single cause is settled. What remains is a quiet grass plain studded with platform mounds, a reconstructed Woodhenge of red cedar posts that marked the solstices, and the interpretive centre run by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. On a weekday in winter the site can be effectively empty.
The site is free to enter daily except major holidays; the interpretive centre asks a small suggested donation. From the parking lot a 156-step wooden staircase climbs the south face of Monks Mound, about a fifteen-minute walk from the base. Allow two hours for the central mounds and the Woodhenge; allow half a day to include the interpretive centre and the outlying mound groups. Spring and fall give the clearest light and the easiest weather for the climb.