— — the river the desert remembers.
“The Cocopah homeland on the lower Colorado, south of Yuma. The river once spread across hundreds of square miles of delta before dams upstream and a treaty downstream took most of the water away. The Cocopah call themselves Xawitt Kwñchawaay, the river people. The desert here keeps the shape of the water that used to run through it. from the studio
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The Cocopah Indian Tribe holds three reservation parcels in Yuma County, Arizona, totalling roughly 6,500 acres along the lower Colorado River south and west of the city of Yuma. The federal government established the reservation in 1917 and the tribe ratified its constitution in 1964. Tribal headquarters sit near Somerton, on the bench above the historic floodplain. The Cocopah's ancestral territory extended south into the Colorado River delta in what is now Baja California and Sonora, Mexico.
Before upstream impoundment, the Colorado River delta covered roughly two million acres of wetlands, sloughs, and cottonwood-willow forest where the river met the Gulf of California. Hoover Dam closed in 1936, Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, and the 1944 US-Mexico water treaty fixed the international allocation. By the 1960s the river no longer reached the sea most years. The Cienega de Santa Clara, a thirteen-thousand-acre marsh fed by agricultural drainage, survives as the largest remnant of the original delta wetlands.
The land sits at the bottom of the Sonoran Desert, around 141 feet of elevation, with summer highs often exceeding 110°F and an average rainfall under three inches a year. What remains of the river corridor holds honey mesquite, screwbean mesquite, and arrowweed; the dry flats hold creosote and saltbush. The Cocopah Museum in Somerton, opened in 1996, holds basketry, beadwork, and oral history recordings, and is the public-facing entry to the tribe's account of this stretch of river.