— — the river that taught the South how to record.
“In Alabama the Tennessee makes its longest detour. It enters the state at Bridgeport, crosses west through Guntersville, Huntsville, Decatur, and Florence, then bends north again at Muscle Shoals before slipping back into Tennessee. The old shoals — a fall line that flatboats once could not pass — are where the studios that recorded Aretha and the Stones still stand.
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The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio, running roughly 1,049 km from its formation at Knoxville to its mouth at Paducah, Kentucky. In Alabama the river enters at Bridgeport in the northeast, traverses the entire width of the state through Guntersville, Decatur, and Florence, then turns north into Tennessee at the old Muscle Shoals. The Tennessee Valley Authority operates nine main-stem dams along its length, three of them — Guntersville, Wheeler, and Wilson — within Alabama.
The Muscle Shoals — once a 60 km stretch of rapids and limestone shoals that blocked navigation between the upper and lower river — were the Tennessee's defining feature in Alabama for two centuries. Wilson Dam, completed in 1924, drowned the shoals and turned them into a navigable reservoir. The dam stands 137 feet high and became the first major project of what grew into the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933. The river is now lock-and-dam navigable across the entire northern tier of the state.
Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway and FAME Studios on Avalon Avenue both sit a short walk from the river in Sheffield and Muscle Shoals. The studios are open for daily tours; recording sessions still happen on the same floors that produced Aretha Franklin's I Never Loved a Man in 1967 and the Rolling Stones' Brown Sugar in 1969. The U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville sits a short drive south of the river's southern bend.