— — the line the world set its clocks to.
“The Royal Observatory holds the hill above Greenwich Park, looking down on the bend of the Thames where Wren and Hawksmoor built the old Naval College. A brass strip runs through the courtyard — the Prime Meridian, zero degrees longitude, where the world agreed to draw the line in 1884. A red ball still drops from the roof at one o'clock for ships that no longer need it.
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The Royal Observatory was founded in 1675 by Charles II to solve the longitude problem at sea. Christopher Wren, himself a former astronomy professor, designed Flamsteed House — the original observatory building — on a brick base over the ruins of Greenwich Castle. The site sits on a hill in Greenwich Park, just south of the Thames in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, eight kilometres east of central London. The Royal Museums Greenwich has run the site as a museum since the working observatory moved to Herstmonceux in 1948 to escape London's light pollution.
In October 1884, the International Meridian Conference met in Washington and chose Greenwich as the prime meridian of the world by a vote of twenty-two to one. France abstained and kept Paris time for nearly thirty years more. The choice ratified what most navigation already used — Royal Navy charts and the merchant fleets that fed them had long carried Greenwich as zero. Greenwich Mean Time became the reference for the system of twenty-four time zones that grew out of the same decision.
The Royal Observatory opens daily, around ten to five with seasonal extensions, under Royal Museums Greenwich. A timed ticket includes Flamsteed House, the Meridian Courtyard with the brass line, and the Peter Harrison Planetarium. The walk up from the Cutty Sark riverside takes about fifteen minutes through Greenwich Park, the oldest enclosed royal park in London. The view from the hill back across the Queen's House and the Old Royal Naval College to Canary Wharf is one of the protected vistas of London under the city's strategic view framework.