— — a hot spring the Romans put a building around.
“The water comes up at the same temperature it always has, about 46 degrees Celsius, from a spring the Romans dedicated to Sulis Minerva. The Great Bath sits open to the sky, lead-lined under the modern Georgian terrace, with the abbey rising behind it. The water is no longer safe to touch. People watch it move from the walkway above instead.
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The Roman Baths sit in the centre of Bath, Somerset, in the valley of the River Avon about 160 kilometres west of London. The complex is built around the only naturally hot springs in Britain. Three rise on the site, together producing about 1.1 million litres of water a day at 46°C. The Romans built the temple and bath complex from the 1st century AD onwards, dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva. The site sits inside the City of Bath UNESCO World Heritage Site, first inscribed in 1987 and re-listed in 2021 with the Great Spa Towns of Europe.
The water that fills the Great Bath fell as rain on the Mendip Hills between 2,000 and 10,000 years ago. It percolates down to depths of 2,700 to 4,300 metres, is geothermally heated, and rises through limestone fissures to the surface at a steady 46°C. About 1.1 million litres emerge each day. The colour is a greenish ochre, partly from biofilm growing in the open Great Bath, partly from iron and other minerals carried up from depth. Bathing in the spring water itself has been banned since 1978, after a child died of a meningitis-causing amoeba.
The Roman Baths are open every day except Christmas, with timed entry, run by Bath & North East Somerset Council. Adult admission was £27.50 at peak in 2024, cheaper midweek and in winter. The visitor route descends from the modern entrance into the Roman temple precinct, around the Sacred Spring, and out onto the Great Bath terrace below the Pump Room. An audio guide is included. Bath Abbey, next door, is a separate visit, and Thermae Bath Spa, across the square, is the modern bathing alternative, drawing from the same source under full water-treatment.