— — the curve the skyline learned to keep.
“A 180-metre tower in the City of London, finished in 2003 to designs by Norman Foster on the site of the old Baltic Exchange. The diagonally braced glass skin spirals around an open atrium, narrowing at the top to a single curved lens. Londoners settled on a name within a week: the Gherkin.
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30 St Mary Axe stands at the eastern edge of the City of London's financial district, a few blocks east of the Bank junction and around the corner from Leadenhall Market. The tower rises 180 metres over 41 floors, occupying a small triangular site bounded by St Mary Axe and Bury Street. Its glass curtain wall, diagonally braced and tapered at top and bottom, has made it one of the most recognised silhouettes on the London skyline since its completion in 2003.
Designed by Foster + Partners with structural engineering by Arup, the tower uses a diagrid exterior frame, which carries the building's loads through a triangular lattice of steel and removes the need for internal columns near the perimeter. The aerodynamic profile reduces wind loads on neighbouring streets, and a system of light wells spiralling up the building was projected to cut energy use by up to half compared with a conventional office tower of the same size.
The site was occupied by the Baltic Exchange, built in 1903, which was severely damaged by a Provisional IRA bomb in April 1992. The exchange building was eventually dismantled, and after planning negotiations the current tower was approved in 2000. Foster's design was completed in December 2003 and opened the following spring. It was sold in 2007 for £600 million, then a record for a single British office building, and changed hands again in 2014.