— — the shore the republic counts from.
“A port city on the Black Sea, halfway along the northern coast of Turkey, where the long curve of the Pontic mountains drops to the water. Mustafa Kemal stepped off the steamer Bandırma here on the 19th of May, 1919, and the country dates its War of Independence from that morning. The hill country behind the city is hazelnut country, and the wind off the sea is the steady fact of the place.
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Samsun is the largest city on the Turkish Black Sea coast, roughly halfway between the Bosphorus and the Georgian border. The metropolitan area held a population of about 1.36 million in 2022 and is the capital of Samsun Province. The Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak rivers reach the sea on either side of the city, and the Pontic mountains rise inland to over 2,000 metres. The port handles grain, hazelnuts and container traffic, and is one of the busiest on the Black Sea.
The 19th of May, 1919, is the date the modern Turkish republic counts from. Mustafa Kemal, the future Atatürk, landed at the Samsun quay that morning aboard the steamer Bandırma and began organising the resistance that became the War of Independence. The day is observed nationally as the Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day. A replica of the Bandırma is moored in the harbour as a museum ship, and the Onur Anıtı statue on Cumhuriyet Square marks the place of the landing.
Samsun has an international airport at Çarşamba about 23 kilometres east, with year-round flights to Istanbul and Ankara. The Black Sea coastal highway connects the city to Sinop in the west and Trabzon in the east. The hill country behind Samsun is Turkey's main hazelnut belt, and the autumn harvest season runs roughly August into September. Inland about 60 kilometres lies the Hittite-era site of Amisos and the Bafra delta of the Kızılırmak, a Ramsar wetland important for migratory birds.