— — the soda-blue inland sea of eastern Anatolia.
“The largest lake in Turkey and one of the largest soda lakes in the world, held at sixteen hundred metres in the high country of eastern Anatolia. The water is brackish, alkaline, and a strange clean blue. On Akdamar Island near the south shore stands the tenth-century Armenian church of the Holy Cross, its outer walls carved with figures from scripture. The Van cat, white-coated and odd-eyed, comes from the same shore.
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Lake Van covers roughly 3,755 square kilometres at an elevation of 1,640 metres in the high country of eastern Anatolia, split between Van Province on the east and Bitlis Province on the west. It is the largest lake in Turkey by surface area and one of the largest endorheic lakes in the world, with no outlet to the sea. The basin was formed when a Pleistocene eruption of the Nemrut volcano on its western shore blocked the original drainage and sealed the water in.
Because evaporation is the only outlet, the lake is strongly saline and alkaline, with a pH near 9.8 and a sodium-carbonate chemistry closer to a soda lake than a freshwater one. Only one fish, the Van pearl mullet or Alburnus tarichi, lives in the open water, swimming up the freshwater inflows each spring to spawn. The pearl mullet run between April and July is a designated event for the lake's tourism, and the species is protected by Turkish fisheries regulation.
On Akdamar Island near the south shore stands the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, built between 915 and 921 under King Gagik I Artsruni of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan. The architect Manuel carved its outer walls with scenes from the Old Testament, including Jonah and the whale, David and Goliath, and Adam and Eve. The church was restored by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and reopened in 2007. A small ferry runs from Gevaş on the south shore in about twenty minutes.