— — the country's window onto the sea.
“Sudan's main seaport, built by the British in 1905 to replace Suakin when the older harbour silted up. The city sits on a flat coral shelf along the Red Sea, with the Red Sea Hills rising behind it and the long shipping channel running out to the deepwater berths. Dhows still work the inner harbour. Container cranes work the outer one. Since 2023 the city has carried the weight of being the country's de facto seat of government, and its rhythms — the call to prayer, the diesel of the port, the wind off the water — have grown heavier and more deliberate.
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Port Sudan is the capital of Red Sea State and the country's principal seaport, on the western shore of the Red Sea about 675 kilometres northeast of Khartoum. The Anglo-Egyptian administration laid out the town in 1905 to handle the cotton trade that the silted harbour at Suakin could no longer carry. Population estimates run between 500,000 and one million, swollen since 2023 by displaced families from Khartoum and Omdurman. The port handles the great majority of Sudan's seaborne trade.
The Red Sea here is the saltiest open sea on earth, with surface salinities above 40 parts per thousand, and the reefs offshore — Sanganeb, Sha'ab Rumi — are part of a UNESCO marine system inscribed in 2016. Jacques Cousteau ran his Conshelf II underwater habitat at Sha'ab Rumi in 1963. The water carries a colour the desert behind it does not prepare you for, and the wind comes off it steady most afternoons.
Since the war began in April 2023, Port Sudan has functioned as the country's de facto administrative seat, hosting government ministries, the central bank, and most international missions that remained in the country. The airport carries the bulk of aid flights, and the port channels the humanitarian shipments that feed the rest of Sudan. The city's older life — fishing, salt, the small Beja markets — continues underneath that weight.