— — a Spanish rock the sea tied to Africa.
“A fortified outcrop of basalt off the Rif coast of Morocco, held by Spain since 1508. The Peñón was an island until 1934, when a single Atlantic storm pushed a sandbar across the channel and joined it to the African mainland. The land border, eighty-five metres of sand, is the shortest in the world. A garrison of the Spanish Legion still keeps it.
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Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera is a small basalt headland on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, about 117 kilometres east of Ceuta and 126 kilometres west of Melilla. Spain has held it since 1508 as one of the plazas de soberanía, the sovereign places that predate the 20th-century Protectorate. The rock rises about 87 metres above the Alboran Sea and covers less than two hectares. A detachment of the Spanish Legion has been the only population since the 16th century.
The Peñón is a volcanic plug, basalt cooled into a near-vertical bluff above the Alboran Sea. The fortifications grew in stages — a stronghold built after the Spanish capture in 1508, expansions through the 18th century, and modern barracks set into the older stone. The seaward face still shows the original ramparts. The landward face, once an open channel, is now the eighty-five-metre sand isthmus formed by the 1934 storm that closed the strait between rock and Africa.
The Peñón has been Spanish since 23 July 1508, when Pedro Navarro captured it during the North African campaigns of Ferdinand the Catholic. The Saadi dynasty retook it in 1522 and held it until 1564, when García de Toledo recovered it for Philip II. The land bridge formed in the great storm of 1934, the same year the Spanish Protectorate reorganised its civil administration. The garrison has been a single platoon of the Spanish Legion since the 1930s.