— — the first capital, remembered.
“The first capital of modern Serbia, where Prince Miloš set his court in 1818. A wooded inland city, the Lepenica running through it, the Šumadija oaks around it. The Zastava works that turned out the Yugo. The Šumarice meadow that holds the country's grief from October 1941. A working city that does not forget.
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Kragujevac sits in central Serbia in the wooded Šumadija region, about 140 km south of Belgrade at roughly 185 metres of elevation along the Lepenica river. With around 150,000 residents within the city proper, it is Serbia's fourth-largest city and the administrative seat of Šumadija District. Prince Miloš Obrenović made Kragujevac the first capital of modern Serbia in 1818; the capital moved to Belgrade in 1841. The University of Kragujevac, founded in 1976 from earlier institutions, anchors the city's civic and cultural life today.
On October 21, 1941, Wehrmacht units executed roughly 2,800 civilians in the Šumarice meadow outside Kragujevac in reprisal for partisan attacks. Many were boys from the First Kragujevac Gymnasium, taken from their classrooms that morning. The poet Desanka Maksimović wrote Krvava bajka, 'A Bloody Fairy Tale', for them; Serbian schoolchildren still learn it. Šumarice Memorial Park preserves the execution sites with the modernist sculpture The Interrupted Flight by Miodrag Živković, unveiled in 1963. Each October 21 the city marks the Veliki školski čas, the Great School Lesson.
The original princely seat clusters around the Stara Crkva, the old church of 1818, and the konak that Miloš kept while ruling from Kragujevac. The Military Technical Institute he founded in 1853 grew into the Zastava arms and automobile works, the same plant that produced the Yugoslav Yugo from 1980 to 2008. Šumarice Memorial Park, six kilometres west of the centre, is open year-round; the October 21 anniversary draws Serbian leaders annually. The First Kragujevac Gymnasium, founded 1833, still operates in the historic building near the centre.