— — the green dome above the Prophet's tomb.
“Al-Masjid an-Nabawi sits at the centre of Medina, about 340 kilometres north of Mecca. Muhammad built the first structure in 622, the year of the hijra; he is buried beneath the Green Dome that has stood since the late thirteenth century. The mosque has been enlarged many times and now holds more than a million worshippers at the height of the Hajj season.
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Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, the Prophet's Mosque, sits in the centre of Medina in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, about 340 kilometres north of Mecca. Muhammad established the original mosque next to his house in 622 CE, the year of the hijra, and is buried within the precinct. Successive expansions under the Umayyads, Ottomans, and the Saudi state have raised the footprint to over 400,000 square metres, with a capacity for around one million worshippers during the Hajj season.
The Green Dome, called Qubbat al-Khadra, stands above the chamber holding the tombs of Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and Umar. The dome was first raised in 1297 under the Mamluk Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun and painted its present green during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II in 1837. It remains the most recognised feature of the Medina skyline. Around it, the modern mosque is clad in pale marble, with 250 retractable umbrellas designed by the German firm SL Rasch shading the outer courtyard during the day.
The mosque is open continuously and is accessible only to Muslims; the central haram zone of Medina is restricted to Muslim visitors by Saudi law. The Prophet's tomb sits within the Rawdah, a section between his pulpit and the burial chamber, considered by Muslims to be a garden from the gardens of paradise. Entry to the Rawdah is now managed by timed permits issued through the Nusuk platform. The city is reached by the Haramain high-speed rail from Mecca and Jeddah, with the Medina station about ten kilometres from the mosque.