— — a city built around a green dome.
“The second holiest city in Islam, and the place to which the Prophet emigrated in 622, the year the Islamic calendar begins. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi holds his tomb beneath a green dome that has been rebuilt and repainted across the centuries. Pilgrims pray beneath it before or after Hajj. The valley around the city has grown date palms for two thousand years. — from the studio
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Medina sits in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, about 340 kilometres north of Mecca and 150 kilometres inland from the Red Sea. The city holds roughly 1.5 million residents and rises to about 620 metres on a plain ringed by volcanic basalt fields, the harrat. It is the second-holiest city in Islam, marked by Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, the Prophet's Mosque, which contains the tomb of Muhammad. Entry to the central haram area is reserved for Muslims. The surrounding valley has been cultivated for date palms for more than two millennia.
The Prophet's Mosque has been continuously enlarged since the seventh century and now covers about 400,000 square metres, holding up to a million worshippers during Hajj. The green dome over the Prophet's tomb was first built in 1279 under the Mamluk sultan Qalawun, and painted its current colour by Ottoman sultan Mahmud II in 1837. The black basalt of the harrat fields north and south of the city was the source of stone in the original mosque walls of 622.
The city's calendar runs on two cycles. The Hijra, the Prophet's migration from Mecca in 622, marks year one of the Islamic lunar calendar, and every year is counted from that point. The Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca falls in Dhu al-Hijjah, the twelfth month, and most pilgrims add a visit to Medina before or after. Ramadan brings a second wave each year; the mosque hosts Tarawih night prayers every evening through the month, with over a million attending the final ten nights.