— the direction every prayer turns toward.
“The Sacred Mosque holds the Kaaba at its centre, the cubic structure Muslims around the world face in daily prayer. The courtyard expands in concentric rings of marble and arcade, sized to receive more than two million pilgrims during the days of Hajj. Access is limited to Muslims under Saudi law. The mosque has been enlarged across fourteen centuries of continuous use.
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Al-Masjid Al-Haram stands in the city of Mecca, in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, about seventy kilometres inland from the Red Sea port of Jeddah. The mosque encloses the Kaaba and other sites tied to the founding narrative of Islam, including the Maqam Ibrahim and the Zamzam Well. Following expansions completed in 2008 and 2010 and ongoing works under the Saudi Binladin Group, the complex covers more than three hundred and fifty thousand square metres and accommodates over a million worshippers.
Once each lunar year, in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, the Hajj brings millions of Muslims to the mosque for a sequence of rites that include tawaf, seven counterclockwise circuits around the Kaaba, and the running between the hills of Safa and Marwa. In 2024 the Saudi government reported about 1.83 million pilgrims for the Hajj season. A separate, smaller pilgrimage called the Umrah can be performed at any time of year.
Access to the Sacred Mosque and to the city of Mecca itself is restricted under Saudi law to Muslims. Pilgrims arrive on a Hajj or Umrah visa issued through the Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, with quotas allocated to each country of origin. Non-Muslims who attempt entry face significant penalties. The mosque is open continuously, day and night; the five daily prayers and the Friday congregational prayer set its busiest hours. The complex is among the largest continuously staffed worship sites in the world.