— the city the oil built on the permafrost edge.
“A city of around four hundred thousand on the Ob River in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, western Siberia. Founded as a Cossack fort in 1594, it stayed small until the discovery of the Samotlor and Fyodorovskoye oil fields in the 1960s turned it into one of Russia's largest hydrocarbon hubs. Winter daytime highs sit below freezing for six months of the year.
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Surgut sits on the right bank of the Ob River in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, in western Siberia, with a 2021 population near 388 thousand. It was founded as a Cossack stockade in 1594 to extract fur tribute from the Khanty and Mansi peoples and remained a small settlement of a few thousand until the postwar oil discoveries. The Surgut Bridge across the Ob, completed in 2000, carries the only year-round road crossing for hundreds of kilometres in either direction.
The climate is sharply subarctic. January means run near minus 19 Celsius and the recorded extreme is below minus 55. Snow cover holds from late October into April, and the surrounding taiga and bog freeze into a passable winter landscape. The summers are brief and warm enough for mosquitoes off the bog, with July means around 18 Celsius. The Ob, more than three kilometres wide at Surgut in flood, breaks up in May and runs open through October.
The Ob is the defining feature of the city. The river runs roughly 3,650 kilometres from the Altai Mountains to the Kara Sea, and at Surgut it spreads across a floodplain several kilometres wide. Before the bridge opened in 2000, winter crossings depended on the ice road and summer crossings on ferries; the bridge holds a main span of 408 metres on a single A-frame pylon. The Surgut GRES-2 power station, on the river south of the city, is among the largest gas-fired stations in the world.