— a deepwater harbour the wars keep returning to.
“A naval port on the southwest coast of the Crimean Peninsula, founded in 1783 around a sheltered deepwater inlet on the Black Sea. The city has been besieged twice, in the Crimean War of 1854 to 1855 and again by the Wehrmacht in 1941 to 1942, and both sieges shaped the streets that were rebuilt afterward. The harbour remains one of the busiest on the Black Sea.
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Sevastopol sits on the southwest tip of the Crimean Peninsula on the north shore of the Black Sea, around a long sheltered inlet that runs about seven kilometres inland from the coast. The city was founded in 1783 by order of Catherine II as the home port of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Chersonesos. Its population is around 510,000. The city's status is internationally disputed; Ukraine and most United Nations members consider it part of Ukraine, while the Russian Federation has administered it since 2014.
Almost nothing of pre-twentieth-century Sevastopol survived the second siege. Between 1941 and 1942 the Wehrmacht reduced the city centre to rubble, and the postwar rebuilding under Soviet architects gave the city its present cream-and-yellow neoclassical streets, the only major rebuild in the USSR carried out in a single coherent style. The ruins of Chersonesos, the fifth-century-BC Greek colony at the western edge of the modern city, are older than anything else still standing. UNESCO inscribed the site on the World Heritage list in 2013.
Sevastopol has two memorial anniversaries that the city still keeps. The first commemorates the 349-day siege of 1854 to 1855 during the Crimean War, when Russian forces under Admiral Pavel Nakhimov held the city against British and French armies; Nakhimov is buried in the Vladimir Cathedral on the central hill. The second marks the 250-day siege of 1941 to 1942, when the Soviet defence of Sevastopol held the same ground against the Wehrmacht. Both sieges ended in the city's fall, and both have shaped its identity as a fortified port.