— — the port Lima sends its ships out of.
“Peru's main port for almost five centuries, set on a flat peninsula where the city meets the cold Humboldt current. Real Felipe still guards the harbour, low and ochre, built after the 1746 earthquake and tsunami. Beyond the breakwater, San Lorenzo Island sits in the haze. Container cranes work the dockside at all hours, and the seabirds barely notice.
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Callao is Peru's principal seaport, located on the Pacific coast about 15 km west of Lima's historic centre. It is a constitutional province in its own right rather than part of the Lima region. The port handles the majority of Peru's maritime container traffic and sits on a flat peninsula that pushes into the cold, north-flowing Humboldt Current. Founded in 1537, just two years after Lima, Callao grew into the principal South American port for the Spanish silver fleet that sailed between Lima and Acapulco for almost three centuries.
The Real Felipe Fortress dominates the waterfront. Construction began in 1747, in the aftermath of the 1746 earthquake and tsunami that flattened the previous port, and the pentagonal bastioned plan was modelled on the work of French military engineer Vauban. The fort holds out against the open Pacific in low ochre walls, with the Casa de la Independencia and the cannon batteries facing the harbour. It was the last royalist stronghold in South America, finally falling to Bolívar's forces in January 1826, a year after Ayacucho.
The Humboldt Current runs cold and north along the coast, keeping Callao's summer water temperatures near 18°C and feeding one of the world's most productive fisheries. Anchovy hauls landed here have repeatedly led the world by tonnage. Beyond the breakwater, San Lorenzo Island and the smaller Isla El Frontón shelter the harbour from the southwest swell. The sea fog called garúa hangs over the city most mornings from May through October, when the sun does not break through until afternoon. Sea lions work the dock pilings constantly.