— — the desert that turns green for one month.
“The Pakistani share of the Thar covers about 30,000 square kilometres of southern Sindh and southern Punjab, from the salt flats of the Rann of Kutch up through Tharparkar to the Cholistan dunes of Bahawalpur. Brief monsoon storms in late summer turn the dunes a thin green and the wells fill. By December the colour is gone, and the camels carry water again.
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The Thar Desert, also called the Great Indian Desert, covers roughly 200,000 square kilometres across northwestern India and southeastern Pakistan; about 15 percent lies in Pakistan, spread across Sindh's Tharparkar district and Punjab's Cholistan region. It is the world's most densely populated desert, with rural densities in Tharparkar above 80 people per square kilometre, sustained by deep wells, seasonal rain-fed ponds called tobas, and the hardy Tharparkar cattle breed. The 305-metre Karoonjhar granite hills near Nagarparkar mark the desert's southern edge, where the Rann of Kutch begins.
Two seasons define the Thar. From October through March the desert is dry and cool, with night temperatures dropping below 10°C and the dunes lying in pale ochre and grey. The summer monsoon, when it arrives, brings between 100 and 500 millimetres of rain in July and August; for a few weeks the dunes flush with khip and akra grass, the tobas fill, and the herders move their camels and Tharparkar cattle to fresh grazing. By December the green is gone and the wells become the centre of every village again.
Every February, the Cholistan Desert Rally crosses the Pakistani Thar near Derawar Fort in Bahawalpur, drawing roughly 100 entries over a 500-kilometre off-road course. Organised by the Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab since 2005, it is South Asia's largest motorsport event and the one week each year that the desert hosts crowds. The 18th-century Derawar Fort, with its 40 bastions rising 30 metres above the sand, anchors the start line; from its walls the dunes run unbroken east to the Indian border.