— — the red sandstone the late Mughals left behind.
“A great courtyard of red sandstone laid down by Aurangzeb between 1671 and 1673, set against the western wall of Lahore Fort. Three white marble domes lift above the prayer hall; four minarets stand 176 feet at the corners. The courtyard holds a hundred thousand worshippers on a single day. Outside the gate, the bazaar of the walled city presses up to the steps.
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The Badshahi Mosque stands at the western edge of the Walled City of Lahore, directly opposite the Alamgiri Gate of Lahore Fort, in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Construction was ordered by the sixth Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb Alamgir, in 1671 and completed in 1673 under the supervision of his foster brother Muzaffar Hussain. From its completion until 1986 it was the largest mosque in the world by total capacity. UNESCO inscribed the surrounding Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens complex as a World Heritage site in 1981; the mosque sits within the buffer zone of that listing.
The exterior is faced in red sandstone quarried near Jaipur, set against marble panels brought from Makrana in Rajasthan, the same source that supplied the Taj Mahal. The three onion domes rest on octagonal drums and are sheathed in white marble; their interiors carry stucco-relief patterns in floral and geometric arabesque. The four corner minarets rise to about 176 feet, each crowned by a marble cupola. The mosque's main courtyard measures 528 by 528 feet, paved in red sandstone, and remains one of the largest in the Islamic world.
The mosque opens daily outside the five prayer times, though non-Muslim visitors are asked to wait through congregational worship. Entry is free; shoes are stored at the gate and modest dress is required, with head coverings available on loan. The complex includes a small museum in the upper chamber above the entrance gate, holding relics attributed to the Prophet, his cousin Ali, and his daughter Fatima. The neighbouring Hazuri Bagh square between the mosque and Lahore Fort hosts evening qawwali on Thursdays. October through March holds the steady season.