— — a city the country chose, then built.
“The capital Nigeria gave itself in 1991, set on the central plateau at the foot of Aso Rock. The street grid runs in long, clean radials away from the Three Arms Zone. The National Mosque and the National Christian Centre stand within sight of each other, two minarets and a single steeple sharing the same horizon.
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Abuja sits roughly in the geographic centre of Nigeria, within the Federal Capital Territory carved from parts of Niger, Kogi, and Plateau states in 1976. It became the federal capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos. The master plan was drawn by International Planning Associates with Kenzo Tange consulting, organised around a central spine running from the Three Arms Zone west toward the airport. The metropolitan population is roughly 3.7 million by recent United Nations estimates, growing rapidly across the surrounding satellite towns of Gwagwalada, Kuje, and Bwari.
Aso Rock, the granite inselberg that defines the skyline, rises about four hundred metres above the plain east of the centre. The presidential complex, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court occupy the ground at its base, together forming the Three Arms Zone. The Nigerian National Mosque, completed in 1984, holds a single gilded dome and four minarets. The Ecumenical Christian Centre, opened in 2005, faces it across Independence Avenue with a paraboloid concrete shell, the two structures sharing a single ceremonial axis through the federal district.
Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, forty kilometres southwest of the centre, is reached by the Abuja Light Rail and the Airport Expressway. The dry season runs from November through March, when the harmattan brings hazy days and cool nights from the Sahara. The wet season, April through October, delivers heavy afternoon thunderstorms. Millennium Park, the largest public park in the city, was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 2003 along the Wupa River. The Jabi Lake boardwalk and the Arts and Crafts Village draw evening visitors.