— — the garden where the Buddha was born.
“The birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, in the Rupandehi district of southern Nepal, near the Indian border. A flat green plain in the Terai, marked by the white Maya Devi temple, the Ashokan pillar, and the sacred pond. Monks from a dozen Buddhist traditions keep monasteries here, each in their own architectural language. The wind moves slowly across the lotus tanks. Pilgrims arrive every month of the year.
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Lumbini lies in the Rupandehi district of Nepal's Terai plains, about 25 kilometres from the Indian border and 250 kilometres southwest of Kathmandu. The site is identified in Buddhist tradition as the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha, around 563 BCE. UNESCO inscribed the sacred garden in 1997. The 1978 master plan by Kenzō Tange organised the surrounding monastic zone into an eastern and western precinct linked by a central canal.
The Ashokan pillar at the centre of the garden was erected by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire in 249 BCE and bears a Brahmi inscription confirming his pilgrimage to the Buddha's birthplace — the earliest epigraphic record of the site. Inside the Maya Devi temple, a marker stone identifies the exact spot of the birth in the tradition of the place. The sacred pond, Puskarini, holds the water in which Queen Maya is said to have bathed.
Lumbini is reached from Bhairahawa, 22 kilometres south, served by Gautam Buddha International Airport since 2022. The sacred garden opens daily from sunrise to sunset; no footwear is permitted within the inner sanctum of the Maya Devi temple. The monastic zone holds working monasteries from Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Japan, Korea, China and others, each in their national style. Quiet behaviour is expected; the site remains an active pilgrimage destination.