— — the square the city keeps coming back to.
“Plaza de la Constitución at the centre of Mexico City. The Cathedral on one side, the National Palace on another, the ruined corner of the Templo Mayor a block to the northeast. A military detail raises an enormous tricolour at six in the morning and lowers it at six in the evening. Most evenings the flagstones hold the day's heat well into the night.
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The Plaza de la Constitución, known to Mexicans as the Zócalo, sits at 2,240 metres in the historic centre of Mexico City. The square covers roughly 57,600 square metres, among the largest civic plazas in the world and the largest in the Americas. The Catedral Metropolitana closes the north side, the Palacio Nacional the east, and the excavated corner of the Templo Mayor stands one block northeast. The ground beneath the flagstones is the ceremonial heart of Tenochtitlán, the Mexica capital Spanish forces took in 1521.
The Catedral Metropolitana rose in stages between 1573 and 1813, built largely from tezontle, the porous red volcanic stone quarried in the Valley of Mexico, with limestone facing on its facades. Across the square, the Palacio Nacional incorporates stone from Moctezuma II's palace; Diego Rivera painted his Epic of the Mexican People along its central stairway between 1929 and 1951. Both buildings sit on the soft lakebed of the former Lake Texcoco and have settled measurably over the centuries.
A military detail raises a large national flag at six in the morning and lowers it at six in the evening, every day. On the night of September 15, the President steps onto the central balcony of the Palacio Nacional and rings the bell carried from Dolores Hidalgo, repeating the Grito that opened the war of independence in 1810. On the first Saturday of November, the Day of the Dead parade ends its route at the square.