— — a colonial city standing on a mountain of iron.
“The capital of Durango state, founded in 1563 by the Basque conquistador Francisco de Ibarra and named for his home town of Durango in Spain. The old centre is pink and ochre stone; the Baroque cathedral keeps the western corner of the plaza. Just to the north stands Cerro del Mercado, a hill of nearly solid iron ore that the city has been mining for four centuries.
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Victoria de Durango sits at roughly 1,880 metres in the Valle del Guadiana, in northwestern Mexico, with the Sierra Madre Occidental rising to the west. It is the capital of the state of Durango and has a population of about 700,000. Spanish forces under Francisco de Ibarra founded the city on 8 July 1563, naming it for Ibarra's hometown in the Basque Country. The full name, rarely shortened locally, honours Guadalupe Victoria, the first president of Mexico, who was born nearby.
Cerro del Mercado, the hill that stands at the northern edge of the historic centre, is one of the largest iron-ore deposits in North America, mined continuously since the late eighteenth century. Most of the colonial city is built in cantera, a workable pink-and-ochre volcanic stone quarried from the surrounding sierras. The Baroque cathedral on the Plaza de Armas was completed in 1844 after nearly a century and a half of work; its bell towers are local cantera over a basalt foundation.
Durango is reached most easily by air through Guadalupe Victoria International Airport, 14 kilometres east, with daily flights from Mexico City and Tijuana. By road, the toll highway from Mazatlán crosses the Sierra Madre in about four hours, passing over the Baluarte Bridge, one of the tallest cable-stayed bridges in the world. The dry season runs October through May; July through September brings afternoon mountain storms. The historic centre is compact and walkable; a tram-replica runs the main route past the cathedral.