— — the river two countries share.
“The Mexican side of the lower Río Bravo del Norte, the river the United States calls the Rio Grande. The valley runs east from Nuevo Laredo through Reynosa and Matamoros to the Gulf, a flat fertile sprawl of citrus groves, sorghum, and border towns that wake up early. Two countries share the water and most of the weather.
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The lower Río Bravo del Norte forms the international boundary between Mexico and the United States for roughly 1,255 miles, and its valley on the Mexican side falls largely within the state of Tamaulipas. The river runs east from the Sierra Madre Oriental through the cities of Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, and Matamoros before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico near the small port of Bagdad. The valley is flat, fertile, and shaped by irrigation channels and dams shared with the United States under the 1944 Water Treaty.
The Río Bravo loses most of its volume to irrigation long before it reaches the Gulf. The Falcon and Amistad reservoirs, both built jointly with the United States in the mid twentieth century, hold the water that grows citrus, sorghum, sugarcane, and cotton across the valley's farms. In dry years the river's mouth narrows to a trickle. The International Boundary and Water Commission, formed in 1889 and reorganised in 1944, manages the shared flow between the two countries.
The Mexican-side cities of the valley sit across short international bridges from their Texas counterparts. Nuevo Laredo pairs with Laredo, Reynosa with McAllen, and Matamoros with Brownsville. Each pairing carries a major land port of entry, and the bridges run heavy with truck and pedestrian traffic. Matamoros holds the oldest of the cities, founded in 1686, with a historic centre near the Plaza Hidalgo. Travel through the valley typically follows Federal Highway 2, which traces the river east from Nuevo Laredo to the coast.