— — a Cossack town the river still carries.
“The capital of West Kazakhstan Region, on the right bank of the Ural River where the steppe gives way to a low wooded floodplain. Founded by Yaik Cossacks in 1613 as Yaitsky Gorodok and renamed Uralsk in 1775 after the Pugachev rising. Pushkin came through in September 1833, chasing the rebellion's trail. The Kazakh name is Oral, the river's name in Kazakh.
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Oral, in Russian Uralsk, is the administrative centre of the West Kazakhstan Region and sits on the right bank of the Ural River. Founded by Yaik Cossacks in 1613 as Yaitsky Gorodok, the town was renamed Uralsk in 1775 by order of Catherine the Great after the Pugachev rebellion. The city holds a population near 240,000 and sits on the edge of the Caspian Lowland at about 33 metres elevation, on what is geographically considered the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Yaitsky Gorodok was the staging point of Yemelyan Pugachev's rebellion against Catherine the Great between 1773 and 1775. Pugachev seized the town in early 1774 before his army was broken later that year. Alexander Pushkin came through Uralsk in September 1833 while researching what became his History of Pugachev and the novel The Captain's Daughter; he was hosted by the Cossack ataman and shown the rebellion's sites. A small house museum at the town centre records the visit.
The Ural River, called Zhayyq in Kazakh and Yaik in older Russian, rises in the Southern Urals and runs roughly 2,428 kilometres south to the Caspian Sea, passing through Oral about a third of the way down. The river is one of the longer in Europe, slowed and braided in the lower course, and it is the spawning route of the Caspian sturgeon. The right bank at Oral holds the old town and a wooded floodplain that floods most springs.