— — eight columns, and the city behind them.
“Eight Ionic granite columns at the western edge of the Roman Forum, all that stands above ground of the temple first dedicated to the god Saturn near the opening of the Republic. The current podium and what remains of the entablature date from a late fourth-century restoration. From the Via Sacra below the Capitoline, the columns hold the western horizon of the Forum the way the Forum holds the city.
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The Temple of Saturn stands at the western end of the Roman Forum in Rome, below the Capitoline Hill, at the foot of the Clivus Capitolinus. Tradition dates its first dedication to 497 BC, in the early years of the Republic. The current surviving structure, a high tufa-and-travertine podium and eight grey and pink granite columns of the front and side colonnades, belongs to a restoration after a fire in the late fourth century AD, with the dedicatory inscription preserved on the architrave.
The eight surviving columns are granite, shipped from Egypt and Asia Minor (six of the front colonnade in grey Aswan granite, two on the sides in pink) and re-used in the late-antique restoration after the fire. Their Ionic capitals are unmatched and were cut to fit on site, which historians of the late Empire have read as evidence of haste and salvaged work. The travertine podium beneath them held the public treasury of the Roman state, the Aerarium Saturni, for most of the Republic's history.
The temple is inside the fenced Forum archaeological zone, accessed from the Via dei Fori Imperiali or from the Palatine ticket gate. A single combined ticket covers the Forum, the Palatine, and the Colosseum and is valid for twenty-four hours. The columns are visible from outside the fence along the Clivus Capitolinus, which makes for a quieter free view. The Forum opens daily at 9:00 and last entry runs about an hour before sunset, which shifts through the year.