— — the house at the centre of the basilica.
“A Renaissance basilica built around a small stone house, venerated as the Nazareth home of the Virgin Mary. Tradition holds the house arrived in 1294, carried by angels. Modern scholars credit a Crusader-era family named Angeli. The marble screen around the Santa Casa was designed by Bramante. Loreto sits in the Marche hills, six kilometres in from the Adriatic, and pilgrims have walked the road from Recanati for seven centuries.
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The basilica stands in Loreto, a hill town in the Marche region of central Italy, about six kilometres inland from the Adriatic at roughly 125 metres elevation. Building began in 1469 under Pope Paul II to enclose and protect the Santa Casa, the small stone house venerated as the Nazareth home of the Virgin Mary. Successive Renaissance architects, including Giuliano da Sangallo, Donato Bramante and Andrea Sansovino, shaped the structure over the following two centuries. The shrine is one of the most-visited Catholic pilgrimage sites in Europe.
At the centre of the basilica stands the Santa Casa itself, three small walls of limestone and sandstone, roughly 9.5 by 4 metres. Around it rises Bramante's marble screen, completed in the 1530s, carved with prophets, sibyls and scenes from the life of the Virgin. The Lauretana facade is travertine, and the bronze doors were added for the Holy Year of 1600. The Black Madonna of Loreto, a cedarwood statue, stands in the niche above the altar.
The basilica is open daily from early morning to late evening, with the Santa Casa accessible during posted hours. Loreto is reached from the Adriatic rail line at Loreto-Porto Recanati station, about ten minutes from the basilica by shuttle. The nearest larger airport is Ancona, twenty-five kilometres north. Our Lady of Loreto is the patroness of aviators, designated by Pope Benedict XV in 1920, and her feast day is 10 December. Pilgrim numbers swell each year for the Lauretana festivities.