— — a cave older than the city it began.
“A cave under the Palatine where the founding story of Rome begins. Shepherds named it for the wolf. Augustus rebuilt his house above it. In 2007 archaeologists peered through sixteen metres of rock and found a vault crusted with shells and coloured marble, untouched for two thousand years. The site is sealed; the story is not.
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The Lupercal sits beneath the south-west corner of the Palatine Hill, the central of Rome's seven hills, inside the archaeological zone of the Foro Romano. Antiquarians long located it near the Casa di Augusto, the emperor's modest residence built around 36 BC. In January 2007 a team led by Irene Iacopi probed through roughly sixteen metres of rubble with an endoscopic camera and found a vaulted chamber about seven and a half metres tall, finished in shells, polychrome marble, and a white eagle at the apex.
Every February 15 the Romans observed the Lupercalia, one of the oldest festivals in the city. Priests called Luperci sacrificed two goats and a dog at the cave, then ran half-naked around the base of the Palatine striking bystanders with strips of the hide for fertility. The rite survived into Christian Rome until Pope Gelasius I suppressed it around AD 494. Plutarch and Ovid both wrote about it; Mark Antony's Lupercalia run in 44 BC is the one Shakespeare keeps in the second act of Julius Caesar.
The decorated chamber sits inside the tufa bedrock of the Palatine, the soft volcanic rock that built early Rome. The vault Iacopi's team imaged is finished in white stucco, polychrome marble, and a mosaic of seashells gathered along the Tyrrhenian coast. A white marble eagle, the symbol of Augustus, occupies the apex. Whether this exact chamber is the original Lupercal or a Julio-Claudian nymphaeum built over it remains argued among archaeologists; the cult site, in any case, lies inside the hill.