— — the last snow before the Jordan begins.
“A long limestone ridge running northeast above the Galilee, capped with snow most of the year. Three of the springs at its foot, Dan, Banias and Hasbani, gather into the headwaters of the Jordan. The Israeli-held shoulder reaches about 2,236 metres and carries the country's only ski slope. The Syrian summit, four kilometres away, is closed.
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Mount Hermon is the southernmost spur of the Anti-Lebanon range, running about forty kilometres along the border between Lebanon and Syria. Its true summit, on the Syrian side, reaches 2,814 metres. The Israeli-controlled southern shoulder, captured in 1967 and held since, tops out near 2,236 metres above the village of Neve Ativ. The slopes drain south into the Hula Valley and east into the Bekaa. Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic all name it for hallowedness: Hermon, Jabal al-Shaykh, the white-bearded one looking down on the Galilee.
Hermon is the great water-tower of the Levant. Snowmelt and orographic rainfall recharge a karst aquifer inside the limestone massif, which then surfaces at three springs along the southern foot: Dan, Banias and Hasbani. Their combined flows form the upper Jordan River, the chief source of Lake Kinneret. The Banias spring alone delivers roughly 125 million cubic metres of water a year. Without Hermon there is no Jordan, no Galilee, and no northern inflow to the Dead Sea, only a far drier land below it.
Hermon holds snow longer than anywhere else in the Levant. The first snowfall typically arrives in November; the ski station above Neve Ativ usually opens in late December and closes in March. By late spring the upper bowls are bare, but patches survive in the north-facing chutes into July. Summer brings a brief alpine season: wildflowers along the radar-station road, dwarf oak and Lebanese cedar lower down, the smell of dust and snowmelt running together against the dry heat below.