— — a port the date palms have always known.
“Basra sits at the head of the Persian Gulf, where the Tigris and Euphrates join into one slow waterway before reaching the sea. The city was founded in 636 as a garrison town and grew into one of the trading centres of the early Islamic world. The old shanasheel houses lean over the canals with carved wooden balconies. Heat presses down most of the year. Date palms hold the horizon. from the studio
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Basra is the third-largest city in Iraq and its principal port, with a metropolitan population of roughly 2.6 million. It sits about 55 kilometres from the Persian Gulf on the Shatt al-Arab, the tidal waterway formed where the Tigris and Euphrates merge near Qurna. Founded in 636 CE under the second Rashidun caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, as a military garrison town, Basra became a centre of Arabic grammar, Mu'tazilite theology, and Indian Ocean trade during the Abbasid period.
Basra is among the hottest cities on earth. In July 2016 the airport recorded 53.9 °C, one of the highest reliably measured temperatures in modern history, and summer afternoons routinely exceed 45 °C. The combination of Gulf humidity and inland heat makes the late afternoon air feel almost solid. Shade in the souks, fans on the river boats, and the date palms along the canals are how the city has shaped its days for centuries.
The Shatt al-Arab runs about 200 kilometres from Qurna to the Gulf and forms part of the border with Iran. It is fed by the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the Karun, and was once flanked by the largest date palm forest in the world — an estimated 17 million trees in the mid-twentieth century. The Iran-Iraq War and decades of upstream damming have thinned the groves, but the waterway still carries Basra's freight to Umm Qasr and the open sea.