— — the spires the Ramayana climbs.
“A ninth-century Hindu compound on the plain east of Yogyakarta, the tallest of its spires reaching forty-seven metres. Built around 850 CE under the Mataram kings, dedicated to Shiva at the centre with Vishnu and Brahma to either side. The Ramayana runs in carved relief along the inner balustrade. UNESCO listed the compound in 1991. The 2006 earthquake brought down some of the smaller shrines; the central towers held.
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Prambanan sits on the central Javanese plain about seventeen kilometres east of Yogyakarta, near the border with Klaten Regency. The compound is the largest Hindu temple complex in Indonesia and the second-largest religious site on Java after Borobudur. Three principal towers rise from a square inner courtyard, dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma; the central Shiva tower reaches forty-seven metres. Hundreds of smaller perwara shrines surround the inner court. UNESCO inscribed the site in 1991.
The compound was built around 850 CE under the Mataram king Rakai Pikatan, in andesite blocks dry-laid without mortar. The inner balustrade of the Shiva and Brahma towers carries reliefs of the Ramayana; the Vishnu tower carries scenes from the life of Krishna. The site was abandoned by the eleventh century and most of the smaller shrines collapsed over centuries of seismic activity and tropical weathering. Dutch survey work began in 1733; major reconstruction ran through the twentieth century. The May 2006 earthquake damaged the structure again.
The founding Shivagrha inscription places the temple's dedication at 856 CE. The compound was likely a royal answer to Buddhist Borobudur, completed about half a century earlier on the same Kewu plain. After abandonment around the eleventh century the site lay in jungle until Colin Mackenzie reached it in 1811. Reconstruction of the Shiva tower completed in 1953; the Brahma and Vishnu towers followed through the 1980s. UNESCO inscribed Prambanan as World Heritage in 1991.