— — the red sandstone that held an empire.
“The Red Fort holds the north edge of Old Delhi above the Yamuna, two and a half kilometres of red sandstone wall begun by Shah Jahan in 1638 when he moved the Mughal capital from Agra. Inside the Lahori Gate the courts and pavilions open one after another. Every Independence Day morning the prime minister speaks from the ramparts, and the city holds its breath for the duration.
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The Red Fort, Lal Qila in Hindi-Urdu, was built between 1638 and 1648 as the palace-fortress of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who moved the imperial capital from Agra to his new city of Shahjahanabad, today's Old Delhi. The walls of red Karauli sandstone run roughly 2.4 kilometres in circumference and reach 33 metres at their tallest. The fort stands on the west bank of the Yamuna River and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. The architect of record is Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
The red sandstone was quarried at Karauli, about 220 kilometres south in present-day Rajasthan, and rafted up the Yamuna to the site. The interior pavilions, Diwan-i-Aam (the Hall of Public Audience) and Diwan-i-Khas (the Hall of Private Audience), were finished in white marble inlaid with semi-precious stone, the same pietra-dura tradition Shah Jahan used at the Taj Mahal. A Persian couplet on the Diwan-i-Khas reads, in translation, 'If there is paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this.' The original Peacock Throne stood here until 1739.
The fort is open Tuesday through Sunday from sunrise to sunset and closes on Mondays; entry is through the Lahori Gate on Chandni Chowk. Online tickets through the Archaeological Survey of India clear the fastest queue. Each August 15, the prime minister addresses the country from the Lahori Gate ramparts to mark Independence Day, a tradition begun by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1947. The cooler season, October through March, is the gentlest time to walk the courts. The nearest Metro station is Lal Qila on the Violet Line.