— — a railway town that grew an institute.
“A railway town on the trunk line west of Kolkata, where the platform runs more than a kilometre under one shed and the night air smells of diesel and chai. East of the station, the road climbs past a quiet pond and a brick gate to the first Indian Institute of Technology, built into a former wartime detention camp. The lawns are wide. The corridors are long.
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Kharagpur sits in the West Medinipur district of West Bengal, about 116 kilometres west of Kolkata, with a population of roughly 290,000 in the municipality and another 200,000 in the surrounding railway colony. The town grew around the South Eastern Railway workshop founded in 1898, and Kharagpur Junction remains one of the largest rail junctions in India. The platform at the junction, at 1,072 metres, was the longest in the world until Hubballi Junction in Karnataka opened a 1,507-metre platform in 2023.
The main building of IIT Kharagpur stands inside the brick walls of the Hijli Detention Camp, completed by the British in 1930 to hold political prisoners during the freedom movement. Two detainees were shot dead by camp guards on 16 September 1931, an event that drew Rabindranath Tagore's public condemnation. The camp was closed in 1937 and the buildings sat empty until 1951, when independent India chose the site for its first IIT, established by an Act of Parliament that same year.
The IIT Kharagpur campus covers about 8.5 square kilometres and is open to visitors at the main gate during daylight hours. The Nehru Museum of Science and Technology, inside the old Hijli jail building, is open Tuesday through Sunday and traces the institute's founding alongside the camp's prisoner records. The annual technical festival Kshitij and the cultural festival Spring Fest are the two windows when the campus opens widely to outside students and the public.