— — the brick vault the Baltic learned from.
“St. Mary's Church in Lübeck, the Marienkirche, sits at the top of the old island town, between the Rathaus and the Markt. It was built by the merchant council of a Hanseatic city that wanted a church to match its trade, and the result is the tallest brick vault ever built, just under 39 metres above the nave. The two towers carry green copper spires that show up from every approach across the Trave. Two bells lie shattered on the floor of the south tower where they fell during the air raid on Palm Sunday 1942. They have been left there.
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The Marienkirche, or St. Mary's, is the principal church of Lübeck, in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. Built between roughly 1265 and 1352 by the city's merchant council as a counterweight to the bishop's cathedral, it stands at the high point of the old island town between the Rathaus and the Markt. The interior is the tallest brick vault in the world, just under 39 metres above the nave, and the church became the model for some seventy Brick Gothic churches around the Baltic.
The building is North German Brick Gothic at its full ambition: a basilica plan, a triforium, and an ambulatory, all in red and dark-glazed brick rather than the stone the form was originally drawn for. The two west towers reach 125 metres and the green copper spires are visible from across the Trave. The Astronomical Clock in the south ambulatory was rebuilt in 1960-67 after the original 1561 clock was destroyed; the figures still emerge at noon.
On the night of 28-29 March 1942, Palm Sunday, RAF Bomber Command struck the old town in the first area-bombing of a German city. The Marienkirche burned for hours and the south tower bells fell through the floor. The church was rebuilt over twenty-eight years, completed in 1959, but the two shattered bells were left where they landed as a memorial. The medieval Totentanz cycle, painted around 1463, did not survive; a 1956 cycle by Alfred Mahlau replaces it in the Briefkapelle.