— — the long slow river the wine country sits on.
“The Main runs about 525 kilometres west across southern Germany, from its two source streams in Upper Franconia to the Rhine confluence at Mainz. Past Bamberg, Würzburg, and Frankfurt, it carries the river-trade history of central Europe and the terraces of Franconian wine country, with Silvaner on south-facing limestone slopes above oxbow bends. The Main-Donau Canal links it to the Danube and, with it, to the Black Sea.
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The Main is a right tributary of the Rhine, running about 525 kilometres west across southern Germany from Upper Franconia to the confluence at Mainz-Kostheim. It is formed at Kulmbach by the meeting of the Red Main, rising in the Fichtelgebirge, and the White Main, rising in the Frankenwald. The river drains a basin of roughly 27,000 square kilometres and passes through Bamberg, Würzburg, Aschaffenburg, and Frankfurt. The Main-Donau Canal, completed in 1992, connects the river to the Danube and so to the Black Sea, making the Main part of the longest navigable waterway in continental Europe.
The Main flows almost entirely through limestone country, which shapes both the river and the wine on its banks. Franconian Silvaner is grown on south-facing terraces above the river bends near Würzburg and Volkach. The river is heavily regulated, with 34 locks between Bamberg and the Rhine confluence, allowing barge traffic of up to 110 metres. Discharge at Frankfurt averages around 225 cubic metres per second. Floods are old news on the Main; the high-water marks on the Würzburg Old Bridge piers record several centuries of them.
The Main is reached most easily through Frankfurt, where the river runs through the city centre below the Eiserner Steg footbridge. Würzburg and Bamberg are both about an hour by ICE train from Frankfurt and offer the best of the river towns. The Mainradweg cycle path runs the full 600 kilometres from the sources to the Rhine, and is rideable from spring through autumn. River cruises run regularly between Mainz and Bamberg through the warmer months. Winters bring fog along the lower valley.