— — the city the coal seams built and then let go of.
“A Ruhr city of around 365,000 in North Rhine-Westphalia, equidistant from Essen and Dortmund along the A40. Hard-coal mining defined Bochum for more than a century; the last municipal shaft closed in 1973. The German Mining Museum still stands above one of the original pits, its winding tower a landmark from the autobahn. Starlight Express has been running in the same purpose-built hall since 1988.
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Bochum sits in the central Ruhr region of North Rhine-Westphalia, between Essen to the west and Dortmund to the east, with around 365,000 residents inside the city limits. It is one of five core cities of the polycentric Ruhr metropolis, the largest urban agglomeration in Germany. The city was rebuilt heavily after the Second World War; Allied bombing destroyed roughly 38% of the housing stock. Ruhr University Bochum, founded in 1962, was the first university built in West Germany after the war and shapes much of the southern district.
Hard-coal mining defined Bochum from the mid-nineteenth century until the last municipal shaft, Zeche Hannover, closed in 1973; the wider Ruhr coal industry ended at Prosper-Haniel in nearby Bottrop in 2018. The Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, opened in 1930, is the world's largest mining museum and operates above one of the original pits, its 71 m winding tower a city landmark. Starlight Express, the Andrew Lloyd Webber roller-skating musical, has run continuously in a purpose-built hall in Stahlhausen since 1988, the longest run of any musical in Germany.
Bochum sits on the A40 autobahn and the Ruhr S-Bahn network, with regional services to Essen, Dortmund, and Düsseldorf running every few minutes. The Bermuda3eck quarter around Konrad-Adenauer-Platz is the city's main bar and music district. The Bochumer Symphoniker plays in the Anneliese Brost Musikforum near the centre. The Industrial Heritage Trail, a 400 km signposted route that threads the Ruhr's preserved collieries and steelworks, passes through several Bochum stations including Zeche Hannover and the Jahrhunderthalle.