— — the city where a country was written.
“Cúcuta sits in a hot valley against the Venezuelan border, the kind of city where the afternoon air slows everything down. The streets are laid out on a low grid, the trees are old, and the bridge across the Táchira River carries an endless slow line of foot traffic. In 1821, in a small church up the road at Villa del Rosario, the Congress that wrote the Constitution of Gran Colombia met under a tamarind tree that is still standing.
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Cúcuta is the capital of the Norte de Santander department in northeastern Colombia, set at about 320 metres above sea level in a hot valley pressed against the Venezuelan frontier. The municipality has a population near 800,000, making it the country's sixth-largest city and by far the largest on the border. It was founded in 1733 by Juana Rangel de Cuéllar and was almost entirely rebuilt after the magnitude 6.8 earthquake of 18 May 1875 levelled the colonial centre. The Simón Bolívar International Bridge crosses the Táchira River into the Venezuelan state of Táchira.
The Congress of Cúcuta met from 6 May to 14 October 1821 in the small Templo de Santo Domingo at Villa del Rosario, about ten kilometres south of the current city centre. The Congress drafted the Constitution of Cúcuta, the founding charter of Gran Colombia, which united present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama under one government. Simón Bolívar was elected President and Francisco de Paula Santander Vice-President. The site is now the Parque de la Gran Colombia, where the ruined church wall, the Casa Natal de Santander, and the historic Tamarind of Gran Colombia tree are preserved.
Cúcuta is served by Camilo Daza International Airport, with regular flights from Bogotá and Medellín. The Parque de la Gran Colombia at Villa del Rosario is reached by a short taxi or city bus from the centre and entry to the grounds is free. The Simón Bolívar Bridge is the main pedestrian and vehicle crossing to San Antonio del Táchira in Venezuela, with crossing conditions varying with bilateral relations. The climate is tropical and warm year round, with daytime highs around 32 degrees Celsius and a drier window between December and March.