— a Qing capital before the Qing went south.
“The old Mukden of the early Qing, capital before the dynasty crossed the Great Wall in 1644. The Shenyang Imperial Palace sits at the centre of the modern city, smaller than its sister in Beijing but a generation older. Pine and cypress shade the Zhao Mausoleum on the north side of town. The Hun River carries through the south.
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Shenyang is the capital of Liaoning Province in northeast China, a city of roughly nine million in its built-up area, set on the Hun River about 700 kilometres northeast of Beijing. The Manchu founder Nurhaci moved his capital here in 1625 and the city, known then as Mukden, remained the Qing seat until the dynasty took Beijing in 1644. The Shenyang Imperial Palace and the two Qing dynasty tombs at Zhao and Fu were added to the Beijing palace UNESCO inscription in 2004 as a serial extension recognising the Manchu origins of the imperial complex.
The Shenyang Imperial Palace covers 60,000 square metres and holds more than 300 rooms across its three courtyards. Nurhaci began construction in 1625 and his son Hong Taiji completed the central Chongzheng Hall, where he proclaimed the Qing dynasty in 1636. The yellow imperial roof tiles of the main halls carry a green border, a Manchu departure from the all-yellow standard at Beijing. The Dazheng Hall, octagonal and tented in form, draws on Mongol yurt geometry and stands at the head of a court flanked by ten pavilions for the banner princes.
Shenyang's continental climate carries hot summers near 30°C and long cold winters that drop below minus 20°C in January. The Zhao Mausoleum park on the north side of the city is most-photographed in the first days of October, when the pines hold against turning poplars. The 9.18 Historical Museum, named for September 18, 1931, the night Japanese forces staged the Mukden Incident that opened the invasion of Manchuria, anchors the eastern district and is visited heavily on each anniversary.