— — the wall walks down into the water.
“Shanhai Pass is the eastern terminus of the Ming Great Wall, the point at which the rammed-earth and brick come off the ridgeline of Yan Mountain and step down to the Bohai shoreline. The Ming garrison called the gatehouse the First Pass Under Heaven. The seafront end is called Old Dragon's Head — seven centuries of fortification that finally meets the surf, and stops.
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Shanhai Pass, Shanhaiguan in pinyin, sits at the eastern end of the Ming Great Wall in present-day Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, about 300 kilometres east of Beijing. The fortified town and its gatehouse, inscribed The First Pass Under Heaven, were built in 1381 under the Ming general Xu Da. The pass guarded the narrow coastal corridor between the Bohai Sea and the Yan Mountains, the historical gateway between Manchuria and the North China Plain, and was one of the most strategically important garrisons of the late imperial era.
The walls at Shanhaiguan are faced in grey brick over a rammed-earth core, typical of Ming Great Wall construction in this section. The First Pass gatehouse rises about 13 metres above the parapet and carries a tower of three eaves. Two kilometres south, the wall reaches the Bohai shore at Laolongtou, Old Dragon's Head, where a stone causeway extends a final twenty-some metres into the surf. The seaward wall has been partly reconstructed; the inland gatehouses and town remain largely original Ming masonry.
The Shanhaiguan scenic area is open daily, with longer hours from May through October and shorter winter hours. Tickets cover the First Pass complex, the museum on the wall, and access to the rampart; Old Dragon's Head is sold as a separate ticket two kilometres south. Qinhuangdao is reached from Beijing by high-speed rail in about two hours, with regular departures from Beijing South. The shoreline is exposed; bring a wind layer in any month outside high summer.