— a wetland the cranes come back to.
“A city on the Songnen plain of Heilongjiang, founded in 1691 as a Qing garrison on the Nen River. The reason most travellers know the name is Zhalong, the reed marsh on the city's south-east edge where the red-crowned crane still nests in numbers. The cranes leave for the Yellow Sea coast in October; the river freezes hard in December and stays frozen until March.
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Qiqihar lies in western Heilongjiang Province on the north bank of the Nen River, where the river crosses the Songnen plain. It was founded as a garrison town of the Qing dynasty in 1691 and served as the provincial capital of Heilongjiang from 1699 until 1954. The prefecture-level city today covers roughly 42,500 square kilometres with a population near 5.3 million across seven urban districts and eight surrounding counties. The name comes from a Daur word meaning a natural boundary or border outpost.
Zhalong National Nature Reserve sits about 30 kilometres south-east of the city, covering 210,000 hectares of reed marsh fed by the Wuyur River. It is the principal breeding ground of the red-crowned crane, one of the rarest cranes in the world, and also hosts white-naped cranes, hooded cranes and over 260 other bird species. The reserve was designated a national reserve in 1979 and added to the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance in 1992.
Qiqihar runs a continental cold winter: January averages around minus 19 degrees Celsius, the Nen River freezes hard from early December into March, and the cranes leave Zhalong for the Yellow Sea coast in October and return in late March. Summer is short and warm, with July averaging around 23 degrees, and brings most of the year's 420 millimetres of precipitation. The working window for the cranes is April through September; for the frozen river, January and February.