— — the inland sea the Tibetans called blue.
“The largest lake in China, sitting at about 3,205 metres on the northeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetans call it Tso Ngonpo, the blue lake; Mongolians knew it as Köke Nuur. It is a closed-basin salt lake, fed by short rivers off the Qilian Mountains, with no outlet to the sea. Bar-headed geese and brown-headed gulls nest on its western islands each summer.
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Qinghai Lake is the largest lake in China by surface area, covering roughly 4,500 square kilometres on the northeast Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province. It sits at an elevation of about 3,205 metres in a closed basin, fed by some twenty short rivers off the Qilian Mountains and the Datong range. The lake is brackish to saline, with no outlet to the sea. Tibetans call it Tso Ngonpo and Mongolians historically called it Köke Nuur, both meaning roughly blue lake.
The water is mildly saline and alkaline, with a salinity around 12 to 14 grams per litre, a fraction of seawater but well above fresh. Average depth is about 21 metres, with a maximum near 32 metres. The lake supports the endemic Gymnocypris przewalskii, a scaleless carp central to the basin's food web and a key food source for the breeding bird colonies. Water levels fell through the late twentieth century and have stabilised since the early 2000s.
Two seasons mark the lake's year. From May through July, Bird Island on the western shore hosts large breeding colonies of bar-headed geese, brown-headed gulls, great cormorants, and Pallas's gulls. Most birds head south by early autumn. In July the Tour de Qinghai Lake, a stage road-cycling race first held in 2002 and rated by the UCI, circles the lake on a course often above 3,000 metres of elevation. The lake freezes over from roughly December through March.