— — the wide water the canoes still remember.
“A 1,271-km river that begins in the Laurentian highlands of Quebec and falls east, eventually joining the St. Lawrence near Montreal. For most of its length it draws the Ontario-Quebec line. Algonquin name Kichi Sibi: the great river. At Ottawa the water turns past the Parliament cliffs, broad and cold, and keeps on going.
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The Ottawa River, called Kichi Sibi by the Algonquin, runs 1,271 km from Lake Capimitchigama in the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec east and south to its confluence with the St. Lawrence at Lac des Deux Montagnes, just west of Montreal. Its drainage basin covers about 146,300 km², draining most of southwestern Quebec and a large band of eastern Ontario. For more than 1,000 km it forms the provincial border between the two provinces, and at the national capital it widens into the Parliament Hill reach.
The river falls more than 360 m over its length and drops the last 50 m in the broken steps of the Chaudière, Rideau, and Chats Falls. Major tributaries include the Gatineau, the Rideau, and the Madawaska. Mean annual discharge at the Carillon dam, near the mouth, runs about 1,950 m³/s, comparable to the Rhine. Spring breakup typically arrives in early April; ice cover holds from December through March on the slower reaches above Pembroke, and the Ottawa-Hull stretch freezes solid most winters.
From the 1610s the river was the main voyageur route from Montreal to the western fur country, used by Étienne Brûlé and later by Samuel de Champlain himself. The white pine drives ran from the upper river to the Quebec City shipyards through the 1850s; Bytown, founded in 1826 and renamed Ottawa in 1855, grew up on the timber trade. The last commercial log drive on the Ottawa came down in 1990, and the river has been quieter ever since.